Choicepoint A Case of Privacy in the 21st Century Essay

Choicepoint: A Case of Privacy in the 21st Century Introduction Since its founding in 1776, America has been a country where the rights of individuals are one of the most important issues. As time has passed and the country progressed, this issue has evolved and taken different forms; the Civil War was fought over whether people of all colors had the right to freedom, in the early 20th century women finally demanded their long overdue right to vote (Wikipedia, 2003), and most recently, in the 1960’s, people of color had to assert their right to equal treatment under the laws of this nation. As the 21st century begins, the citizens of this nation are facing a new and unique challenge to the rights of the individual, specifically, a†¦show more content†¦Choicepoint also has an ethical duty to its customers who purchase the data as well as individuals on whom the data is gathered to keep data accurate and updated. Most importantly, Choicepoint must be sure that employees follow proper procedures for making sure indivi duals and companies trying to purchase data are legitimate and intend to use the data for legitimate uses. b.) Citizen’s Ethical Issues: Citizens need to be very concerned about so much personal information being gathered in one place. Part of any person’s development through their life is learning from their mistakes so they will not repeat them in the future. However, if a person’s whole history of legal, credit, and driving mistakes are recorded and made available to anyone willing to pay, it can be impossible for someone to escape the mistakes of their past. Citizens should also be concerned about their personal information falling into the hands of identity thieves. When a company like Choicepoint has all their data, individuals have no control over who gets their hands on the data and must rely solely on Choicepoint’s discretion to keep the data in legitimate hands, which it has shown it can not be trusted to do through numerous security breaches (Otto, Anton, Baumer, 2007). Individuals also need to be concerned about Choicepoint supplyingShow Mor eRelatedChoicepoint Case Analysys1748 Words   |  7 PagesChoicepoint: A Case of Privacy in the 21st Century Introduction Since its founding in 1776, America has been a country where the rights of individuals are one of the most important issues. As time has passed and the country progressed, this issue has evolved and taken different forms; the Civil War was fought over whether people of all colors had the right to freedom, in the early 20th century women finally demanded their long overdue right to vote (Wikipedia, 2003), and most recently, in

Systems Life Cycle Free Essays

Systems Development Life Cycles (SDLC) is just one model that follows the development process of analysis, design, development, and maintenance of information systems. There are many different methods and techniques used to direct the life cycle of a software development project. Each is designed for a specific purpose or reason and most have similar goals and share many common traits. We will write a custom essay sample on Systems Life Cycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kal Toth describes typical activities performed as including the following â€Å"System conceptualization, System requirements and benefits analysis, Project adoption and project scoping, System design, Specification of software requirements, Architectural design, Detailed design, Unit development, Software integration testing, System integration testing, Installation at site, Site testing and acceptance, Training and documentation, Implementation, Maintenance† (Kal Toth, 1997) One model that sticks to this main frame of system development is Ad-hoc Development. Ad hoc analysis may be used to create a report that does not currently exist or may go deeper into a static report to get details about accounts, transactions, or records. Ad hoc testing is done as a precautionary measure to ensure that there are no gaps left in a developed system before releasing it to the consumer. The drawbacks of using Ad hoc is the lack of data for metrics analysis, lack of comfort on coverage of Ad hoc testing and that the exact steps taken are difficult to record. Another model is the Waterfall method, also called the linear sequential method. This specific model is easy to understand and supports the â€Å"define before design† and â€Å"design before code† logic. The advantages of a Waterfall method is that output is generated after each stage, therefore it has high visibility. The client and project manager gets a feel that there is considerable progress. This methodology is significantly better than the haphazard approach to develop software. It provides a template into which methods of analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance can be placed and allows project management to determine and place deadlines for specific milestones and phases. The drawbacks of the waterfall method are that it is difficult to define all the problems that could be found at the beginning of a project which can therefore lead up to an unrealistic expectation of a final product. While early all system development efforts engage in some combination of the above tasks, they can be differentiated by the feedback and control methods employed during development and the timing of activities. It is important to note that in any projects psychological factors also play an important role as the development of a system is being achieved. Though there are several methods to produce the proper system for a consumer, it is important to remember that not all consumer needs will be met with the same method. Reference Kal Toth. (1997). Software Engineering Best Practices. Retrieved from http://www.intellitech.net Rainer, R. K. Cegielski, C. G. (2011). Introduction to information systems: Supporting and transforming business (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. University of Alabama. (1998). A Survey of System Development Process Models. Retrieved from http://www.ctg.albany.edu/publications/reports/survey_of_sysdev/survey_of_sysdev.pdf How to cite Systems Life Cycle, Essays

Reward or Recognition Plan

Table of Contents Introduction Current situation Rationale for Change Reward and Recognition Plan Safe Environment Creation Plan Conclusion References Introduction As evident in numerous occasions, organizations experience different types of changes that include organization-wide versus subsystem change, transformational versus incremental change, remedial versus developmental change and planned versus unplanned change.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reward or Recognition Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This piece seeks to address describe the current situation in organization, explain the rationale for change, design a reward plan that includes milestones and create a safe environment for change. The paper focuses on implementation of a new process to deliver services affiliated with SunClean, which will serve as the case study. The company focuses on cleaning services for households and corporate bod ies. Current situation The contemporary operations of the company indicate that there is a request for customers to fill forms in a manual way before a customer care representative attends to them. After this, they have to wait for three working days for them to access the services requested. Consequently, poor public relations become manifest and company profits reduce. A survey conducted on customer satisfaction depicts that the majority of clients complain about length of time it takes to get services from the company. Furthermore, laxity amongst employees to serve customers is equally evident. It becomes difficult for them to attend to clients because the company does not have suitable employee reward scheme. There is feedback from customers suggesting that customer care representatives ought to change their attitude.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is also lack of appropriate measures by Company Y management to impress clients and ensure their loyalty through various customer loyalty programs. Additionally, there are no discounts for customers who are still loyal after experiencing poor services. Rationale for Change Change process starts with the identification of changes that ought to be made by the company, determination of major issues that need to be considered, obstacles that can arise in change implementation and accessing key stakeholders who will experience the change (Jellison, 2006). Conversion of service forms from manual to electronic forms in order to save clients’ time. Additionally, customers will be contented as evident in the time taken to deliver services to customers and improving the quality of services offered by the company. Indeed, filling forms online; thus, ensuring minimal interaction between customers and representatives who could still be rude after implementation change in the company is vital. The forms shall be brief as compared to the previous manual ones. These will not require customers to fill unnecessary details that waste time. Instead of clients waiting for three working days for the delivery of cleaning services to their homes and offices, delivery time will be short. Clients who place cleaning orders over the weekend will have their places cleaned concurrently unlike previous times since they had to wait for the working days. There will be an improvement of quality of cleaning services and discounts offered to all premium customers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reward or Recognition Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, there shall be replacement and upgrading of current washing equipment to competent machinery. In addition, premium customers shall have discounts every third time they place cleaning orders at the company. Reward and Recognition Plan According to Spitzer Nelson (2003), â€Å"a Recognition Plan is a formal documented plan that provides for recognition for such reasons as outstanding achievements, accomplishments, teamwork, or length of service†. Top performers in organizations’ departments need identification and motivation in order to encourage them. Examples of rewards employees will get as part of RR Program are monetary and non-monetary which will consist of; certificates, holiday trips, shopping vouchers, salary bonuses and publicizing employee success. Categories for rewarding will be Best Employee of the Quarter, Perfect Attendance Reward, Best Technical Leadership and Best Management. There will be an analysis of attendance of employee, quality of input provided by employees, production activities and level of employee willingness to help other employees in task execution. In addition, the presentation of rewards will be as soon as respective quarters reach completion and there will be many opportunities for reinforcements. A ccording to Spitzer Nelson (2003), there ought to be a link between behaviors that should have recognition and goals that organization works to achieve.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Actions and behaviors that require future repetitions need affirmation using appropriate means of reward and acknowledgment. This will ensure that employees strive hard to make organization register high profit margins. Employee recognition should be instantaneous and powerful for both organization and employees. After the reward and recognition plan is over, there ought to be a significant change in employee attitude towards work related issues. Company must also develop in operation and increase sales because of reward and recognition plan. Employees of the company shall be legible for the reward and recognition plan. Management shall supply employees with specifications of what will pass the reward plan. For example, persons who display exemplary customer service consistently shall be rewarded and recognized. Selection of deserving employees for the program will lie with selected board, not individual managers in order to avoid favoritism. Employees who fail to understand the ess ence of reward and recognition plan shall undergo further training on the importance of a plan in their careers. This will enable them understand better and participate in reward and recognition plan. As this occurs, employees will participate and resistance of recognition plan shall not occur. Safe Environment Creation Plan The plan for creating a protected environment will entail briefing employees on wellbeing policy during induction and later offer training on safety procedures such as evacuation during emergencies. There shall be prevention of injuries and diseases that could arise at the work place by the management of the company. The entity shall hire trained health workers to address health emergencies that could arise during working hours. Cleaning equipment like washing machines and â€Å"heavy-duty dryers† shall be safe for employees to operate without injuries. In addition, there shall be provision of information, instruction and further training on how to use th e cleaning equipment (Bohlander Snell 2012). Management shall monitor the work place at habitual intervals and keep records of state of workstation whilst making necessary changes. In addition, employees with disabilities shall receive special treatments. For instance, there shall be exemption from dealing with equipment that might prevent challenges to disabled employees. There shall be constant consultations between employees and management of company concerning improvements in the health department. The administration shall provide individual shielding apparatus such as masks and gloves to all employees. Conclusion Recognition or Reward Plans encourage the bonding of employees in organizations since it propagates unity, which is required in achieving organizational goals and joy in sharing success. In addition, there is connection between one’s pay and performance level enabling employees to focus on detailed achievements. Companies ought to develop suitable policies that recognize hard working employees and motivate them in good time. Finally, working environments should be comfortable, safe and first aid kits ought to be readily available. References Bohlander, W. Snell, A. (2012). Managing Human Resources: Arizona: Cengage Learning Publisher. Jellison, J. (2006). Managing the dynamics of change: the fastest path to creating an  engaged and productive workforce. Illinois, IL: McGraw Hill Publisher. Spitzer, R., Nelson, B. (2003). The 1001 rewards recognition field book: the  complete Guide. New York, NY: Workman Publishing Company. This essay on Reward or Recognition Plan was written and submitted by user Nathan Cunningham to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Visit to a Substance abuse Treatment Program, and Analysis essay

buy custom Visit to a Substance abuse Treatment Program, and Analysis essay Descriptive information For this paper, I chose to visit an intensive outpatient program named Meridian in Shrewsbury, NJ. The agency is located in a well maintained building, right of a main highway, reachable by train, car and bus. This is essential, since many of the clients have their driving license suspended due to driving under the influence (DWI), and are dependent on public transportation. The agency serves clients who are committed to following the rules of the program. The requirements of the program are: 1. attending three AA/NA meetings per week. 2. Providing clean urine-samples when requested by the addiction counselor. 3. Attending all classes. Some clients are mandated to attend the IOP by either court, division of youth and family services (DYFS), Intoxicated Driver Resource Center (IDRC), or by their significant other, while others attend the program on their own consent. As the group is composed of age, gender, and ethnicity diversity, the counselor is often confronted with problematic group-dynamics, and needs to have solid facilitating skills to ensure the group runs smoothly and the recovery process is not compromised. The clients schedule their intake session, where they are interviewed, and a full bio-psychosocial assessment is executed. At ingestion, the client is requires to take a urine test, which, although many times is expected to come back positive, is still central, to evaluate what types of mind altering substances the client is taking, and to show them that the agency is a serious place, where people come to recover and achieve sobriety. At intake, the client is provided with an option to see the psychiatrist, to ensure further mental health issues are properly addressed. Dependent on the clients diagnosis, they are referred to as either level 1 or level 2 care. Level 1 is usually recommended for a diagnosis of mind altering substances abuse; these are clients who are beginning to develop a problem, but are not yet dependent on the substances. Clients, who are diagnosed with dependence, are referred to as level 2. Since level 1 is a prior level of treatment, their group meets only once a week for three hours during a 6 weeks period, while level 2, a more intense program, meets three times per week for three hours. Once a week, the group is focused towards the family of the addict. Clients are encouraged to bring their parent(s), significant other, or anyone else they feel can gain from a heightened awareness and understanding of substance abuse issues. This group is important, since their knowledge and participation, can have a positive impact on the overall recovery process. In general clients are not transferred from level 1 to level 2, unless a particular client indicates to develop a dependency, in which, the counselor might decide to transfer that client to level 2. The counselor monitors group attendance, and randomly administers urine screening to the clients. Depending on each individual client, positive test-results could be a reason to terminate the client. After completing the 16-week program, clients are encouraged to participate in an after-care group which meets once a week for one hour. This group is facilitated by the same counselor as the IOP, and will ensure the client remains in recovery and not become complacent. Furthermore, the client is provided with a meeting-list and is advised to continue attending at least 90 twelve-step meetings in 90 days. When a client is mandated to attend to attend the IOP program, a letter will be provided to confirm successful completion of the agenda. The group follows the Matrix model (Matrix Institute, 2007), which provides the participant with education regarding the dangers of substance abuse, identifying relapse triggers, prevention tools, and follows the twelve-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous. Theoretical approaches Richard A. Rawson et al (2003) describes the bio-psychosocial Matrix model as a technique that merges techniques and materials from the cognitive behavioral therapy, and includes providing the client with accurate information on the effects of stimulants, family education, 12-Step program participation and positive reinforcement to alter old behaviors. Richard A Rawson et al (1995) states, the goals of the Matrix model to be: a) cease drug use b) remain in a treatment process for twelve month c) learn about issues critical to addiction and relapse d) receiving direction and support from a trained therapist e) receive education for family afflicted by the addiction f) become familiar with the self-help programs, and g) receive monitoring via urine testing. The therapist needs to be a well trained counselor who creates a positive and healthy affiliation with the group that re-enforces positive behavior change. Although the counselor is direct and realistic, extreme caution needs to be exercised to steer clear of confrontation with the client. Richard A. Rawson et al (1995) understands one of the chief tasks of the therapist as a person who provides confidence, dignity and self-esteem to the client. This humanistic, client-oriented model is crucial for the addict recuperation, since usually clients come in to be treated, after having reached their rock-bottom, as battered people whose self esteem and dignity has been severely beaten. According to Richard A. Rawson (1995) the urine-screenings, randomly performed, are not as a punitive or legal purpose, but rather to assess where the client is holding in the recovery, and as a point of discussion. Bradford T. Winslow (2007) found that randomly urine tests actually rewards clients, since they feel pleased when they are able to proof their abstinence to the counselor, and motivates them from relapsing during the treatment program. Jeanne L. Obert et al. (2005) has a slight different perceptive what the role of the counselor should be. They stress that the counselor is that of a cheerleader, teacher, coach and counselor. The task of the psychotherapist is more to proffer education regarding the physical and emotional harm that these mind-altering substances impact on the human body and to teach them skills to prevent relapse. It seems to be more focused on the current day tools, vs. focusing on addictive behaviors, and past resentments often causing the client to start using these chemicals and relapse. The purpose of the group setting in the Matrix model is well illustrated by Washton (2002); the participants are aided by support of the group, to move toward involvement in treatment, and willingness to change. Peer support is a fundamental element of the logic behind the group-setting, since sharing each others experiences, gives the individual the courage to attain the same what has been achieved by his or her peer, and learn different tactics in achieving the goal of sobriety. Another motive of the group-setting is the embarrassment participants will experience if they relapse during the program. In 2002, Richard A. Rawson, PhD accentuates the advantages of the matrix model over the existing outpatient programs, that is, the structure the matrix model provides in treating the addict, while the traditional outpatient programs are inadequately structured. He further reinforces the elements of individual psychotherapy which is not always implemented into the matrix model. In the agency which I have visited, the agency does not provide individual therapy despite the fact that they follow the matrix model religiously. Obert et al. (2000) identifies the matrix model as easy to use, research-based materials to front-line clinicians, and their clients. The matrix model is different than other treatment model by the fact that it has been developed in a clinical setting, and has constantly been modified through field-testing. The client gets an easy to read hand-out with various exercises developed in educating the client in a non-confrontational way. A key component of the model is the fact tat the client and the counselor are collaborators in the recovery process, which is achieved by implementing the motivational interviewing approach designed by Miller and Rollnick (2002); this therapeutic alliance encourages the client to put all effort in their recovery process. Obert et al. (2000) sees the goals of the model as: a) Create explicit structure and expectations b) establish a positive collaborative relationship with the client c) teach clients and their families empirical information and cognitive-behavioral concepts d) positive reinforce desired behavioral change e) provide corrective feedback when necessary f) educate the family regarding stimulant abuse recovery g) introduce and encourage self-help participation h) use urinalysis and breath alcohol analysis to monitor drug and alcohol use on a random schedule. Critical analysis of treatment Although research has proven the matrix model to be effective, (Obert et al. 2000), there are many reservations regarding this model. One of the key concerns in opposition to this model is the fact that it is based exclusively upon the cognitive behavioral method, which focuses on modifying current behaviors, but fails to analyze and address underlying issues which play a significant role in causing addiction. Furthermore, manual based therapy compromise the therapeutic relationship with the client, despite it developing a therapeutic bond. Many counselors were skeptical of the matrix model, due to the fact that it treats clients who have not experiences their bottom through severe consequences due to their addiction. Simpson, D et al. (1995) have found that clients treated by the matrix model, are more focused on the curriculum than the therapeutic process. Furthermore, they identified three problems; 1. Manual-based treatments ignore individual clients differences 2. Manual-based treatments cannot meet the need of co-occurring disorders 3. Manual-based treatments ignore clients emotions. Brown (2004) sees the issue with the matrix model in the lack of focus on the socioeconomic, cultural and gender issues such as domestic and sexual abuse. These issues are mostly present since the matrix model treats any client in a group setting where the content of the group is determined by the manual, preventing counselors to pay attention to these other aspects in the clients life. Another important concern to the matrix model is pointed out by Anglin, M.D Rawson (2000); since the matrix model is performed in a group setting, you often have clients in different stages of recovery interacting in the same group. Although this can be an advantage, since this enables them to learn from one-another, however, this can also have a negative impact on the individual; since individuals need individual focus on the part most applicable to their point in recovery. Family members play a significant role in recovery. In one study, Morris et al (1992) concluded that substance abuse is considered a family disease, since it affects marital relationships, family and child functioning. This underlines the importance of properly involving family member(s) in the recovery process. This is echoed by Curtis Janzen (2006), who describes the family members as repeatedly experiencing significant mental and physical strain, as a result of their loved ones addiction. Asher Brissett (1988) state that: the family members of substance abusers are part of a dysfunctional family system, in which they often, unwittingly, contribute to the perpetuation of the substance abuse behavior. The family members behavior is often labeled as enabling or co-dependent. Obert et al. (2000) describe in detail why the matrix model undermines the need of the family member: a) Clients are often uncomfortable bringing their family member to group, because they might have disclosed to the group secret information regarding their private lives, and are afraid that this information will accidentally be disclosed by one of the group members. b) It can take clients as much as three to four weeks to stabilize from the crises they often find themselves in when commencing the IOP. It would therefore not be beneficial to bring their family-member to group, since they are unready to discuss their family issues until they have somewhat stabilized their individual situation. c) Clients can be embarrassed to bring in a family member, due to physical or mental issues their family member may have, and which they feel uncomfortable revealing to the group. d) Family members often need numerous sessions to relieve themselves of their experiences, frustration and anger; this need cannot be met by the existing program. e) The family group is mainly focused on educating the family member with the concept that addiction is a disease rather than a bad behavior, whereas, what the family member(s) really require is additional intense group therapy to deal with the hurt, guilt and shame experienced when there is addiction in the family. They also need to be given tools to address enabling and codependency. Another critique on one of the components of the matrix model is the urine-screening process. Clients who are forced to show abstinence, and are not doing it from their free will, are more likely to relapse as soon as the mandated urine screening procedure is finalized. Furthermore, accuracy of urine-screening is often compromised, by showing a positive result due to consumption of poppy seed, or a negative result caused by flushing the system with specially designed liquid for this purpose. (Dupont Baumgartner 1995). Despite the critique on the matrix method, research does have proven the model to be effective. Richard A. Rawson et al (2003), compared outcomes of traditional treatment models to the newly designed matrix model, and found that the clients who were treated by the matrix model were attending more clinical sessions, stayed in treatment longer, provided more negative urine-samples, and had longer periods of abstinence than those treated by more traditional methods. Moreover the matrix model is user friendly and its structure ensures that time invested in the recovery process is properly utilized. Harm reduction model Harm reduction is an approach rather than a goal, and its aim is to reduce or eliminate the negative consequences of drug use rather than eliminating the drug itself. There is am emphasis on the aim of reducing the adverse consequences among individuals who cannot be expected to ease their drug use at the present time for various reasons (Riley et al., 1999). The underlying philosophy is to approach the client in a non-judgmental way, and help the client develop goals personally. (Bradley-Springer, 1996) The rights of the individual are of prime importance, which includes; dignity, and the right to make personal decisions. Harm reduction includes a holistic incremental and multidimensional approach to decreasing risks for individuals and communities. Although the harm reduction model is contradictory to the traditional abstinence model, it may however ne compatible with the eventual goal of abstinence. The model proposes that social support, health assistance, education and disease p revention measures should be minimized. (Bradley-Springer, 1996) Harm reduction contrasts to the prohibition philosophy, also known as the abstinence model. This model concentrates on increasing interdiction, treatment and prevention efforts, combined with keeping mind altering drugs illegal (DuPont and Voth, 1995) The basic process of harm reduction consists of providing the client with a continuum of options for their considerations, ranging from the riskiest behavior to the lease risky behavior. This has dual-purposes; firstly, it allows the client to assess their current behaviors in comparison to both more and less risky behaviors, which may help the client to see where they need to make changes. It may also help the client assess where their behaviors have improved or degenerated over time, giving them a means of measuring the changes in behavior. Furthermore the continuum provides the client with a range of behaviors so that they can choose for themselves the most suitable changes based on their personal circumstances. The theory oof harm reduction acknowledges that there are various external factors which impact upon an individual and may affect their behaviors in ways which they cannot control, or are difficult for them to control. It is for this reason that one of the underpinning criteria of the harm reduction model is that the individual is allowed to choose their own targets based upon what they feel is achievable under their current circumstances. These environmental factors could be family related, peer related, which would impact on any change the individual tried to make. There could be also a wide array of socioeconomic factors, such as background or occupational history of the client which must be considered. However since the prominence of the harm reduction model is based on changing behaviors, the procedure will assist the individual in identifying areas of their life which are causing a probable conflict of interest. Exploitation of the harm reduction model would as well assist them in forming strategies that enable them to make changes which would facilitate transformation in their behavior. For example if a client were to identify that their behavior is negatively influenced by their work environment, the client may choose to implement strategies which would reduce this influence, or even end it altogether. The emphasis would be on the client to choose these changes, rather than the professional to insist that these changes are deployed. With regards to substance abuse, advocates of using the harm reduction model acknowledge that there are many environmental factors which influence the behavior of a substance abuser. Des Jarlais (1995) claims that the use of non-medical, mind-altering drugs is unavoidable in societies which have access to these drugs. He also states that it is inevitable that drugs will cause harm at both individual and societal levels. Des Jarlais (1995) claims that drug users form an integral part of the larger community and therefore must be included in measures to protect public health. Harm reduction strategies aim to protect substance abusers along with all other members of a community. This is in contrast to prohibition models in which the substance abuser is viewed as an individual describes as a simplistic moral solution to complex human problems (Griffin, 1998). Harm reduction accepts that some harm is inevitable but that the ideal of zero tolerance excludes compromise and sets goals which are not achievable (Riley et al., 1999). The harm reduction model has been applied predominantly to drug misuse issues, however it has successfully been used in many other areas such as; weight loss, tobacco addiction, and alcohol addiction. Many of those who have failed on traditional abstinence programs such as those promoted by Alcoholics Anonymous have made some progress using harm reduction techniques. The techniques have been successful as they set a series of stepping stones which have been decided by the client themselves. This may lead to full abstinence at some time in the future, although that decision is left to the individual themselves and not imposed upon them. (Witkiewitz and Marlatt. 2006). Strength and limitations The major strength of the harm reduction model is that the model can be applied in a non-biased pattern to any selection of the population. The underlying principles are based upon approaching the client in a lenient manner, which should eradicate many of the prejudices which may be associated with other models. For example, some of the groups who are more at risk from substance abuse are those of ethnic minorities and low socio-economic status. Another benefit of the harm reduction model, is that individuals who relapse do not necessary revert all the way back to high risks and unhealthy behaviors. It is imperative that if it happens, that the client is shown that their failure is not absolute, as this will offer encouragement for the client to set new goals and begin the process all over. The main limitation to the model is that in order for the nonjudgmental principles of the approach to be achieved it is necessary for health professional to remove any personal stigma or prejudice. There is no room in the harm reduction model for personal opinions of the health care or social care professional to allow their personal feelings to become involved in the decisions made regarding treatment. This can be a challenging at times especially for those professionals who have worked in the field with other models. Harm reduction theories were first applied to substance abuse in the 1920s when a group of doctors concluded that it may be necessary occasionally to maintain a person on drugs in order to help them lead a more productive life (Griffin, 1998). Critics of harm reduction reject it as being overly permissive in its rejection of strict zero-tolerance policies and its promotion of alternatives to abstinence. Some have labeled it a front for drug legalization. Des Jarlais (1995) Harm reduction programs are often insufficiently coordinated with each other, often overlapping and underfunded. This can lead to a competitive nature between the different harm reduction programs rather than the cooperation which is needed to increase their success (Hilton et al., 2001) One key example of the application of harm reduction to substance abuse is the creation of needle and syringe exchange programs (NSPs) which can prevent HIV/AIDS infections from spreading by providing users with new, sterile syringes in exchange for used syringes, which reduces transmission through needle sharing. NSPs also provide an opportunity to pass out educational materials and facilitate engagement in formal addiction treatment and other social services. Many studies have found that NSPs are effective in reducing injection related risk behaviors as well as reducing incidence of HIV and other blood-borne diseases such as Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C (Hilton et al., 2001; Blumenthal et al., 1998) Many countries and organizations have now adopted harm reduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) endorses harm reduction as a strategy to prevent the spread of HIV as it they considered drug use to be less of a threat to individuals and communities than drug use itself (Riley, 1998) Despite current legislation in many countries which prevents the full adoption of the model as the framework for drug misuse treatment, there are still ways in which the principles can be promoted through treatment. The successful reduction of harm is in the interest of all, and harm reduction promises to be a method which is likely to succeed in its objectives by reducing harm to both drug users and those in the wider community. My Conclusion Although we have described the pros and cons both in the matrix model as well as to the harm reduction model, I would individually have a preference to the matrix model, though in some exceptional cases, I would have selected the harm reduction model. When the addict is in his advanced stages of addiction, and repercussions have been dramatic, I would definitely encourage the implementation and realization of the matrix model, in view of the fact that it seems that in such a condition, the patient will not be able to cut the use, thus total abstinence is apposite. When a client is in the beginning stages of substance use, and did not experience severe consequences, it might be advisable to treat that client with the harm reduction model. I would also carefully review the individuals circumstances, in order to assess if self-denial would hinder the clients daily performances, hence going by the harm reduction model. In this paper, I have gained knowledge of the significance of aptly applying the correct model to the client, to ensure their successful recovery. What is also of importance is what seems to be applicable to both models, that is, the concept of motivational interviewing. It is critical to have the client explore their ambivalence, and reach out their own conclusion to seek sobriety. Recovery which is spring out from a persons own desire is more valuable and more sustainable. We, as social workers, have to be extremely vigilant in treating the client, with a vision, that our interaction can bring about transformation to the clients existence. Buy custom Visit to a Substance abuse Treatment Program, and Analysis essay

Writing a Critique

Writing a Critique Writing a Critique Writing a critique is rather a difficult task for critical essay writers. While writing any academic project, you should show your ability to think and write critically. Just as you think, writing college critical essay, provide critique of the arguments of others. On occasion, you may find that an argument of yours has been critiqued by someone else. Critical essay writer may also discover that an argument by someone else is relatively good but has become the object of a negative critique. If you do not find your critique convincing, you may want to re-write your paper. This involves defending the original argument. In logic, as in sports, the best defense is usually a good offense. If you have been careful to use only unflawed argument forms in the process of academic essay writing, and only unflawed premises, then your argument will be hard to critique and your defense may be relatively easy. It is often a good strategy to anticipate how a critique might be developed in presenting your original ideas and to defuse that critique at that point. But no matter how good an argument is, while writing critical essayyou must support your conclusions with examples from the text and other supporting documents. Critical essay writing is not easy, but it is an extremely interesting assignment. Moreover, critical essay writing and thinking skills can be used in everyday life: Critique Writing There are times at which a defense strategy is inappropriate. The tutor may find numerous weaknesses in your argument included in critical essay writing. There is no point or merit in "stonewalling it" when you have been caught with false premises or an invalid argument. Writing critical essay support your judgment with a discussion of evidence or of the reasoning involved. Writing such a work, provide your judgment about the merit of theories and opinions or about the truth of facts.Notice, however, that admitting to a logical or factual flaw in your argument you do not need to abandon the conclusions you originally argued for. Writing a critique is not the same as writing a summary. offers you an opportunity to order critique writing services. Our critique writers are able to impress you with depth of reasoning and logic of presentation. Do not miss an opportunity to get professionally written critique prior to deadline. All of our customers enjoy a wide range of discounts. Free services include title page, outline, and references. Popular posts: Argumentative Research Paper Topics Action Paper Research Valentine's Day Essay Report Writing Help Problem and Solution Essay

Hsa 520 week 5 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hsa 520 week 5 - Coursework Example At this moment, is trend is as of now moving in the reverse direction. An expanding number of health care facilities are changing from their present best-of-breed frameworks to Epic, which is offering proven, doctor-acknowledged results that are coordinated crosswise over hospitals (HIMSS, 2010). Most of the patient data is put away in dissimilar frameworks over the health care facilities. There is a significant benefit of interoperability that is the result of the SAPHIRE project. The SAPHIRE project expects to create a smart health care check and choice help supportive network on a stage coordinating the remote restorative sensor information with doctors facility data frameworks. Thus, not just the perceptions accepted from remote therapeutic sensors additionally the patient medicinal history will be utilized within the thinking methodology of the clinical choice help supportive network (HIMSS, 2010). I would agree to Ernest Jackson’s writing because of various reasons. First, due to the growing digital society, technology has demanded that there be globalization and â€Å"villagilization† of the world. This has called for safe and fast means of transferring and sharing data from one organization to the other. This has promoted Interoperability which is the state of linking software and new systems which are being developed and implemented with multiple platforms and languages. It is also true that interoperability is facing challenges and ways have and need to be developed on how to mitigate these challenges. It is no wonder that it demands for high literacy levels and skills so that these software can be linked with the new developing system. This happens to be a major challenge since there is insufficiency of skills particularly in this field. I would again agree t Ernest’s writing on the issue of benefits offered by

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example The whistle-blowing is kept within the organization. External whistle-blowing happens when the employee reports any act of wrongdoing by the organization to higher authorities outside the organization. This could be newspapers or any law-enforcement authority. Just like whistle-blowing in a football match, this act is termed as disloyal. The act of whistle-blowing could be anonymous when it is done by an employee who does not want to be identified or acknowledged when the whistle-blower reveals him or herself. Whistle-blowing may lead to distrust, disharmony and conflict among employees. Whistle-blowing should be attempted when the following four conditions are fully met; the need, proximity, capability and as a last resort (Fleddermann 108). Case Study: Vandivier the Whistle-Blower B.F. Goodrich Corporation was in-charge of producing breaks and wheels for military craft and became a major contractor to the Air Force. The design for the product was to be tested and the need for its p erformance mandatory so that the corporation could be awarded the contract. Materials that could work perfectly from the design were not available, hence the design failed to meet the required specifications. Nevertheless, Kermit Vandivier, a technical writer for the corporation wrote a report on the new A7-D brakes that was integral for decision-making process by the Air Force. Vandivier knew that some of the test results had been rigged and raised an alarm but the management thwarted him. His concern was on the safety of the brakes and his legal responsibility. He further contacted his attorney and later the FBI who investigated the matter. Vandivier left the firm later and blew the whistle again to Daily News and the matter was handled by Senator William Proxmire. From the GAO report, the discrepancies were noted but no official action was taken (Fleddermann 115,116). Did Vandivier meet the criteria set out in the previous section for whistle blowing? In other words, was there a need for the whistle to be blown? YES. The conditions set for whistle blowing are; the need, proximity, capability, and last resort. The brakes offered safety for the Air Force staff when their airplanes take off or land or during emergencies. The harm that could be created was clear and important, hence there was need to blow the whistle (Fleddermann 109). Did he have proximity? He also had first hand information about the brakes since he was the one responsible for writing a credible report that would lead to acceptance or disqualification of the product. This made him qualify the second condition of proximity (Fleddermann 109). Was he capable? Although he internally blew the whistle, he was not in a capable position to stop the vice. The management thwarted his efforts and this risked his career and financial security. He left the job and got employment in other firms, yet the issue was not resolved (Fleddermann 109). Was it a last resort? The forth condition to consider before w histle-blowing is that it must be a last resort after focusing on other alternative options, and other available options within the organization do not bear fruit. Vandivier followed this condition. His first attempt was to report to the management about the malpractice. After the management thwarted his efforts, he reported the matter to the U.S Attorney who advised him to